ZDO 1015: Parking and Loading

1015.01 General Standards

1. Inside the Portland Metropolitan Urban Growth Boundary (UGB), parking, loading, and maneuvering areas shall be hard-surfaced, unless a permeable surface is required for surface water management pursuant to the regulations of the surface water management authority or in order to comply with Subsection 1006.06.
2. Outside the UGB, areas used for parking, loading, and maneuvering of vehicles shall be surfaced with screened gravel or better, and shall provide for suitable drainage. 
3. Parking and loading requirements for uses and structures not specifically listed in Tables 1015-1, Automobile Parking Space Requirements; 1015-2, Minimum Automobile Parking Space Requirements for Dwellings; 1015-3, Minimum Required Bicycle Parking Spaces; and 1015-4, Minimum Required Off-Street Loading Berths shall be subject to the requirements for the most similar use.
4. Motor vehicle parking, bicycle parking, and loading areas shall be separated from one another.
5. Required parking spaces and loading berths shall not be:
   1. Rented, leased, or assigned to any other person or organization, except as provided for under Subsection 1015.02(D)(3)(a) for shared parking or Subsection 1015.04(C) for shared loading berths.
   2. Used for storing or accumulating goods or storing a commercial or recreational vehicle, camper, or boat, rendering the space(s) useless for parking or loading operations.
   3. Occupied by the conducting of any business activity, except for permitted temporary uses (e.g., farmers' markets).

1015.02 Motor Vehicle Parking Area Standards

1. Off-street parking areas shall be designed to meet the following requirements:
   1. Off-street motor vehicle parking areas shall be provided in defined areas of the subject property.  No area shall be considered a parking space unless it can be shown that the area is accessible and usable for that purpose and has required maneuvering area for vehicles. Required backing and maneuvering areas shall be located entirely onsite.
   2. Automobile parking spaces shall be a minimum of 8.5 feet wide and 16 feet long, except that parallel spaces shall be a minimum of 8.5 feet wide and 22 feet long. 
   3. A minimum of 25 percent of required parking spaces shall be no larger than 8.5 feet wide and 16 feet long.
   4. Parking areas shall comply with minimum dimensions for curb length, stall depth, and aisle width established by the Clackamas County Roadway Standards; these dimensions are based on the orientation (e.g., 45-degree, 90-degree), length, and width of the spaces.
   5. Double-loaded, 90-degree angle parking bays shall be utilized where possible.
   6. A minimum of one parking space or five percent of the required spaces, whichever is greater, shall be marked and signed for use as carpool/vanpool spaces.  These spaces shall be the closest employee automobile parking spaces to the building entrances normally used by employees, but shall not take priority over any spaces required for individuals with disabilities.
   7. In parking lots greater than one acre, major onsite circulation drive aisles and lanes crossing to adjacent developments shall not have parking spaces accessing directly onto them.
   8. Where feasible, shared driveway entrances, shared parking and maneuvering areas, and interior driveways between adjacent parking lots shall be required.
   9. Except for parallel spaces, parking spaces heading into landscaped areas or along the perimeter of a parking lot shall be provided with a sturdy tire stop at least four inches high and located two feet within the space to prevent any portion of a car within the lot from extending over the property line.
   10. For parking spaces heading into a landscaped area, the area in front of the tire stop that is included in the parking space dimension may be landscaped instead of paved or graveled according to the following standards:
       1. Landscaping shall be ground cover plants only;
       2. The area in front of the tire stop that is included in the parking space dimension shall be in addition to the required minimum dimension for a landscape planter; and
       3. The landscaped area in front of the tire stop may count toward overall site landscaping requirements established in Table 1009-1, Minimum Landscaped Area.  However, it may not count toward perimeter landscaping requirements established in Section 1009.03(B)(1). 
2. Parking Minimums: The minimum number of parking spaces listed in Tables 1015-1, Automobile Parking Space Requirements, and 1015-2, Minimum Automobile Parking Space Requirements for Dwellings, applies unless modified in Subsection 1015.02(D). 
   1. In case of expansion of a building or use that, prior to the expansion, does not meet the minimum parking space requirements in Table 1015-1 or 1015-2, the following provisions shall apply:
      1. The minimum number of additional parking spaces required shall be based only on the floor area or capacity added and not the area or capacity existing prior to the expansion.
      2. If the enlargement covers any of the pre-expansion parking spaces, lost parking spaces shall be replaced, in addition to any required additional spaces.
   2. In the event more than one use occupies a single structure or parcel, the total minimum requirement for parking shall be the sum of the minimum requirements of the several uses computed separately. 
3. Parking Maximums:
   1. Within the UGB, the parking maximums listed for Urban Zone A in Table 1015-1 and Note 4 of Table 1015-2 apply when an area has 20-minute peak hour transit service within one-quarter mile walking distance for bus transit or one-half mile walking distance for light rail transit.
   2. Within the UGB, areas not meeting the requirements of Subsection 1015.02(C)(1), are subject to the parking maximums listed in Table 1015-1, Urban Zone B.
   3. In case of expansion of a building or use with more parking spaces than the maximumallowed by Table1015-1
      1. Existing parking spaces may be retained, replaced, or eliminated, provided that after the expansion, the total number of remaining spaces complies with the minimum parking space requirement of Table 1015-1 for the entire development; and
      2. Additional parking spaces are allowed only if required to comply with the minimum parking space requirement of Table 1015-1 for the entire development after the expansion.

Table 1015-1:  Automobile Parking Space Requirements1

Land Use Category	Minimum Parking Spaces	Maximum Parking Spaces (Urban Zone A)	Maximum Parking Spaces (Urban Zone B)
Amusement Parks, Riding Academies, and Camps (per 1000 square feet of serving area)	0.8	None	None
Bank with Drive-in	4.3	5.4	6.5
Bed and Breakfast Residences and Inns	1 for each guest room and 1 for the operator	None	None
Bowling Alleys (per alley)	3	None	None
Child Care Facilities	0.5  In addition, a passenger-loading area shall be provided on the site.	None	None
Dwellings (see Table 1015-2)
Home Occupations for Canine Skills Training	1 per canine handler, based on the maximum number of handlers permitted for any single training session.  An additional space shall be provided for each employee.	None	None
Home Occupations to Host Events	1 space per 3 guests based on the maximum number of guests permitted for any single event.  An additional space shall be provided for each employee.	None	None
Hospitals	0.5	None	None
Hotels and Motels (per unit)	1	None	None
Industrial, Manufacturing, and Processing Facilities
Zero to 24,999 square feet	1.5	None	None
25,000 to 49,999 square feet	1.42	None	None
50,000 to 79,999 square feet	1.25	None	None
80,000 square feet and greater	1	None	None
Medical and Dental Clinics	3.5	4.9	5.9
Movie Theaters (per seat)	0.3	0.4	0.5
Nursing Homes, Welfare or Correctional Institutions, and Institutions for Children (per bed)	0.2	None	None
Office Uses (includes Office Park, "Flex-Space", Government Office and Miscellaneous Services)	2.7	3.4	4.1
Places of Worship (per seat located in main assembly room, or 1 per 100 sq. ft. in main assembly room, exclusive of chancel or stage). If a school, child care facility, or similar facility is proposed in conjunction with primary use, it shall have separate parking requirement.	0.25	0.6	0.8
Produce Stands (per stand)	4	None	None
Recreational Vehicle Camping Facilities	1 per campsite (in addition to the space required for parking the recreational vehicle) and 1 per employee at peak employment period	None	None
Restaurants: Fast Food with drive-thru window service	9.0	12.4	14.9
Restaurants:  With no drive-thru window service, Taverns	15.0	19.1	23
Retail/Commercial, including shopping centers	4.1, except in the Clackamas Regional Center Area, 3.0	5.1	6.2
Retail stores with bulky merchandise, such as furniture, appliances, automobiles, service/repair shops	2	5.1	6.2
Schools:  Colleges, Universities, and High Schools (per student or staff member)	0.2	0.3	0.3
Schools:  Elementary and Junior High Schools  (per school)	15, or 2 per classroom, whichever is less	None	None
Service Stations (per employee at peak employment period)	1	None	None
Sports Clubs/Recreation Facilities	4.3	5.4	6.5
Surface Mining	On-site vehicular parking for employees, customers and visitors, determined through Conditional Use process.	None	None
Tennis and Racquetball Courts	1	1.3	1.5
Theaters, Dance Halls, Community Clubs, Skating Rinks, Public Meeting Places (per seat, or 1 per 100 sq. ft. exclusive of stage)	0.25	None	None
Warehouse and Storage Distribution, and Terminals (air, rail, truck, water, etc.)   **Maximum parking requirements apply only to warehouses 150,000 gross square feet or greater.
Zero to 49,999 square feet	0.3	None	None
50,000 square feet and over	0.2	0.4**	0.5**

1  Parking requirements are expressed as number of spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area, unless otherwise stated.

Table 1015-2: Minimum Automobile Parking Space Requirements for Dwellings1

Dwelling Type	Zoning District: R-5 – R-30	Zoning District: VR-4/5 & VR-5/7	Zoning District: VTH	Zoning District: MR-1 & MR-2	Zoning District: SCMU	Zoning District: HR2	Zoning District: MRR	Zoning District: RA-1 & RA-2	All Other Zoning Districts
Accessory Dwelling Unit	0	0	0	N/A	N/A	1	1	0	0
Accessory Historic Dwelling	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0
Congregate Housing Facility (per resident)	N/A	N/A	0.25	0.25	0.25	N/A	0.25	N/A	0.25
Cottage Cluster	1	1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
Detached Single-Family Dwelling or Manufactured Dwelling (located on an individual lot)	1, located behind the front setback line	1, located behind the front setback line	N/A	N/A	N/A	1 per dwelling unit 800 square feet or less 2 per dwelling unit greater than 800 square feet	1 per 600 square feet of residential building area	1, located behind the front setback line	0
Duplex or Triplex	13	13	1.5	1.5	1.5	N/A	1 per 600 square feet of residential building area	Duplex in RA-1: 1.5	1.5
All others: N/A
Manufactured Dwelling (located in a manufactured dwelling park)	2	N/A	N/A	2, if located in MR-1	N/A	N/A	2	N/A	2
N/A, if located in MR-2
Multifamily Dwelling:  Per studio/zero-bedroom or one-bedroom dwelling unit	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	1	N/A	1	N/A	1
Per two-bedroom dwelling unit	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.25	1.25	N/A	1.25	N/A	1.25
Per three-bedroom dwelling unit	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.5	1.5	N/A	1.5	N/A	1.5
Quadplex	13	13	Same as multifamily dwelling in all other zoning  districts	Same as multifamily dwelling	Same as multifamily dwelling	N/A	Same as multifamily dwelling	N/A	Same as multifamily dwelling
Townhouse	1	1	1, located in a garage	2	14	1 per dwelling unit 800 square feet or less 2 per dwelling unit greater than 800 square feet	1 per 600 square feet of residential building area	N/A	15

1   Minimum parking requirement is expressed as number of spaces per dwelling unit, unless otherwise stated. N/A means the dwelling type is not allowed in the applicable zoning district.
2   On land above 3,500 feet in elevation, covered parking shall be provided for structures containing three or more dwelling units.
3   No additional parking spaces shall be required for conversion of a detached single-family dwelling to middle housing.
4   The parking exception in Subsection 1015.02(D)(3)(b) does not apply to townhouses. Maximum parking for townhouses in Urban Zone A is two spaces per townhouse.
5   In the R-2.5 District, the required parking shall be located behind the front setback line.

4. Exceptions to Parking Requirements:
   1. Parking maximums in Table 1015-1 and Note 4 to Table 1015-2 may be increased for the following:
      1. Parking spaces in parking structures;
      2. Fleet parking spaces;
      3. Designated employee carpool spaces;
      4. User-paid spaces; and
      5. Parking spaces for vehicles for sale, lease, or rent.
   2. Parking minimums in Table 1015-2 may be reduced by 40 percent for multifamily dwelling units on sites within a one-quarter mile walking distance of a light rail station. Walking distance is measured along public roads, walkways, or accessways.
   3. Parking minimums in Tables 1015-1 and 1015-2, or as calculated pursuant to Subsection 1015.02(D)(2), may be reduced for the following:
      1. The total minimum requirement for parking spaces may be reduced up to 20 percent per use when shared parking is utilized. 
      2. In commercial and industrial zoning districts, available permitted on-street parking spaces on a development's street frontage may be counted toward required parking.  To count as an on-street parking space, the space must comply with the minimum dimensions for a parking space established by Subsections 1015.02(A)(2) and (4).
      3. Motorcycle parking may substitute for required automobile parking spaces as follows: 
         1. Up to five spaces or five percent of required automobile parking, whichever is less, may be utilized. 
         2. For every four motorcycle parking spaces provided, the automobile parking requirement is reduced by one space. 
         3. Each motorcycle space must be at least four feet wide and eight feet deep. 
      4. Electric vehicle charging stations may be installed according to the following standards:
         1. Two spaces or five percent of the minimum required parking spaces, whichever is greater, may be utilized for electric vehicle charging stations and identified exclusively for such use. 
         2. Additional parking spaces of the minimum required parking may be utilized for electric vehicle charging stations, provided they are not identified exclusively for such use.
         3. Any portion of parking spaces provided that are beyond the required minimum number of parking spaces may be utilized for electric vehicle charging stations, regardless of whether they are identified exclusively for such use. 
   4. A parking cap applies in the SCMU District.  The total number of parking spaces provided for nonresidential development (either onsite or offsite) shall not exceed the parking cap, regardless of the number of pre-existing parking spaces.  Parking maximums and minimums established by Tables 1015-1 and 1015-2 shall be adjusted to the extent necessary to comply with the parking cap.  The parking cap shall be calculated by the following formula:

1015.03     Bicycle Parking Standards

1. Bicycle parking areas shall meet the following on-site locational requirements:
   1. Bicycle parking racks shall be located in proximity to an entrance but shall not conflict with pedestrian needs.
   2. At least 75 percent of the bicycle parking spaces shall be located within 50 feet of a public entrance to the building. 
   3. Bicycle parking may be provided within a building, if the location is easily accessible for bicycles. 
   4. Bicycle parking for multiple uses, or a facility with multiple structures, may be clustered in one or several locations within 50 feet of each building's entrance.
   5. If the bicycle parking is not easily visible from the street or main building entrance, then a sign must be posted near the building entrance indicating the location of the parking facilities. 
2. Bicycle parking shall be designed to meet the following requirements:
   1. When more than seven bicycle parking spaces are required, a minimum of 50 percent of the spaces shall be covered.  All of the required bicycle spaces for schools, park-and-ride lots, congregate housing facilities, quadplexes, and multifamily dwellings shall be covered.
   2. Cover for bicycle parking may be provided by building or roof overhangs, awnings, bicycle lockers, bicycle storage within buildings, or freestanding shelters. 
   3. When more than 15 covered bicycle parking spaces are required, 50 percent of the required covered spaces shall be enclosed and offer a high level of security, e.g., bicycle lockers or a locked cage or room with locking facilities inside, to provide safe long-term parking.
   4. Required bicycle parking spaces shall be illuminated.
   5. Required bicycle parking areas shall be clearly marked and reserved for bicycle parking only.
   6. Bicycle parking space dimensions and standards:
      1. Bicycle parking spaces must be at least six feet long and two feet wide, and in covered situations the overhead clearance must be at least seven feet. 
      2. An aisle a minimum of five feet wide must be provided for bicycle maneuvering. 
      3. Bicycle racks must hold bicycles securely by the frame and be securely anchored.
      4. Hanging bicycle racks and/or enclosed, stackable bike lockers may be substituted for surface racks if comparable dimensions, maneuvering, and clearance are provided to the user.
      5. Bicycle racks must accommodate both: 
         1. Locking the frame and one wheel to the rack with a high-security U-shaped shackle lock; and
         2. Locking the frame and both wheels without removal of wheels to the rack with a chain or cable not longer than six feet. 
   7. The minimum number of bicycle parking spaces listed in Table 1015-3, Minimum Required Bicycle Parking Spaces, are required.  If a listed use is located with the Portland Metropolitan Urban Growth Boundary (UGB), it shall have a minimum of two bicycle parking spaces or the number required by Table 1015-3, whichever is greater.
   8. Within the UGB, quadplexes not developed pursuant to Section 845, Triplexes, Quadplexes, Townhouses, and Cottage Clusters, and  multifamily residential, commercial, and institutional developments shall designate short-term bicycle parking (less than four hours) and long-term bicycle parking (four or more hours) spaces as needed for the development.

Table 1015-3:  Minimum Required Bicycle Parking Spaces
 

1     Minimums outside the UGB are 20 percent of the requirement listed in Table 1015-3.

1015.04     Off-Street Loading Standards

1. A.  No area shall be considered a loading berth unless it can be shown that the area is accessible and usable for that purpose, and has maneuvering area for vehicles.
    
2. In cases of expansion of a building or use, that prior to the expansion, does not meet the minimum loading berth requirements in Table 1015-4, Minimum Required Off-Street Loading Berths, the following provisions shall apply:
   1. The minimum number of additional loading berths required shall be based only on the floor area or capacity added and not on the area or capacity existing prior to the expansion.
   2. If the expansion covers any pre-expansion loading berths, lost loading berths shall be replaced, in addition to any required additional berths.
3. In the event several uses occupy a single structure or parcel of land and share the same loading berths, the total requirement for off-street loading shall be reduced by up to 25 percent of the sum of the requirements of the several uses computed separately.
4. The minimum off-street loading berths listed in Table 1015-4 are required.

Table 1015-4:  Minimum Required Off-Street Loading Berths

Land Use Category	Unit of Measurement	Number of Loading Berths	Minimum Required Dimension
Multifamily Dwellings	Number of Dwelling Units		25 feet x 12 feet x 14 feet high
	Below 50	None
	50 to 100	1
	101 to 200	2
	201 or more	3
Hotels and Motels	Square feet of floor area		35 feet x 12 feet x 14 feet high
	Under 5,000	None
	5,000 to 50,000	1
	50,001 to 150,000	2
	150,001 to 300,000	3
	300,001 to 500,000	4
	For each additional 200,000	1 additional berth

Land Use Category	Unit of Measurement	Number of Loading Berths	Minimum Required Dimension
Institutional Uses
Nursing Homes, Welfare or Correctional Institutions, and Institutions for Children	Number of beds		35 feet x 12 feet x 14 feet high
	Less than 25	0
	More than 25	1
Assisted Living Facilities	Square feet of floor area
	Below 10,000	None
	10,000 to 60,000	1
	60,001 to 160,000	2
	160,001 to 264,000	3
	388,001 to 520,000	5
	520,001 to 652,000	6
	652,001 to 784,000	7
	784,001 to 920,000	8
	For each additional 140,000	1 additional berth
Schools	Per each school bus	0.5

Land Use Category	Unit of Measurement	Number of Loading Berths	Minimum Required Dimension
Hospitals	Square feet of floor area		35 feet x 12 feet x 14 feet high
	Under 5,000	None
	5,000 to 16,000	1
	16,001 to 40,000	2
	40,001 to 64,000	3
	64,001 to 96,000	4
	96,001 to 128,000	5
	128,001 to 160,000	6
	160,001 to 196,000	7
	For each additional 36,000	1 additional berth
Commercial Uses	Square feet of floor area		35 feet x 12 feet x 14 feet high
	Under 5,000	None
	5,000 to 24,999	1
	25,000 to 49,999	2
	50,000 to 100,000	3
	Each additional 50,000	1

Land Use Category	Unit of Measurement	Number of Loading Berths	Minimum Required Dimension
Industrial, Manufacturing, Warehousing, Storage, Processing, and Terminals	Square feet of floor area		60 feet x 12 feet x 14 feet high
	Under 5,000	None
	5,000 to 16,000	1
	16,001 to 40,000	2
	40,001 to 64,000	3
	64,001 to 96,000	4
	96,001 to 128,000	5
	128,001 to 160,000	6
	160,001 to 196,000	7
	For each additional 36,000	1 additional berth

• [Added by Ord. ZDO-224, 5/31/11; Amended by Ord. ZDO-231, 1/31/12; Amended by Ord. ZDO-243, 9/9/13; Amended by Ord. ZDO-246, 3/1/14; Amended by Ord. ZDO-250, 10/13/14; Amended by Ord. ZDO-252, 6/1/15; Amended by Ord. ZDO-266, 5/23/18; Amended by Ord. ZDO-269, 9/6/18; Amended by Ord. ZDO-268, 10/2/18; Amended by Ord. ZDO-276, 10/1/20; Amended by Ord. ZDO-277, 1/1/22; Amended by Ord. ZDO-282, 7/1/22; Amended by Ord. ZDO-287, 8/3/23]