Transportation Engineering

The following abbreviations apply to Clackamas County Roadway Standards.

• AASHTO: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
• ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act
• ADT: Average daily traffic
• APWA: American Public Works Association
• ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
• BCC: Clackamas County Board of County Commissioners
• CRC: Clackamas Regional Center
• DTD: Clackamas County Department of Transportation and Development
• EOR: Engineer of Record
• FHWA: Federal Highway Administration
• ISD: Intersection sight distance
• ITE: Institute of Transportation Engineers
• MPH: Miles per hour
• MUTCD: Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
• ODOT: Oregon Department of Transportation
• PI: Point of intersection
• PC: Point of curvature
• PT: Point of tangency
• SSD: Stopping sight distance
• UGB: Urban Growth Boundary

The following definitions apply to Clackamas County Roadway Standards.

• ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
• ADA standards: Requirements and standards resulting from the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and adopted by Clackamas County as standards for accessible design within Clackamas County rights-of-way.
• Alteration: A change to a facility that affects or could affect pedestrian access, circulation, or use. Alterations include, but are not limited to, resurfacing, rehabilitation, reconstruction, historic restoration, or changes or rearrangement of structural parts or elements of a facility.
• Applicant:  Property owner or person designated by the property owner to be the representative for an application for a development proposal, permit or approval, or their successors or assigns.  As this pertains to utilities, see County Code Section 7.03.020.
• Average daily traffic ("ADT"):  The number of vehicles traveling in both directions over a given time period greater than one day but less than one year, divided by the number of days in that time period.  Commonly, traffic counts completed at various times of year are adjusted for time of year to account for seasonal and day of week variations.  For the purposes of determining whether a roadway is "very low volume", ADT's shall be based upon a 20 year projected ADT.
• Backfill:  Replacement of excavated material with suitable material compacted as specified.
• Blended transition: A connection between the pedestrian access route at the level of the sidewalk or pedestrian path and the level of the pedestrian street crossing that has grade in the direction of pedestrian travel of 5 percent or less.
• Breakaway:  A structure that is designed to yield when impacted by a vehicle and has been tested and found acceptable in accordance with NCHRP Report 350.
• Clear zone:  See County Code Section 7.03.020.
• Clackamas County ("County"):  The political subdivision of the State of Oregon providing statutory authority administered through its Board of County Commissioners ("BCC").
• Commercial:  Shall include industrial, multi-family and institutional development.
• Compaction:  The densification of a fill by mechanical means.
• County:  See "Clackamas County".
• County Road Official:  See County Code Section 7.03.020.
• County Surveyor:  See ORS 209.005 (2).
• Cross slope: The slope perpendicular to travel of a road or pedestrian facility.
• Crosswalk: Under ORS 810.220 a crosswalk is a legally defined area for pedestrian crossing of the surface of a roadway and may be marked or unmarked.
• Cul-de-sac:  A short street having one end open to traffic and the other temporarily or permanently terminated by a vehicle turnaround at or near the terminus.
• Curb ramp: A ramp that cut through or is built up to the curb. Curb ramps can be perpendicular or parallel to the curb or a combination of parallel and perpendicular ramps.
• Dead end:  A road without an exit.
• Dedication:  The designation and gift of land by its owner.  In the context of this document, it is the perpetual easement for right-of-way purposes to the public.
• Design speed:  The speed approved for the geometric and roadside design of the physical features of a road.
• Developer:  See "Applicant."
• Development Permit:  A permit issued to address major work or activities in a right-of-way under the jurisdiction of Clackamas County and/or to address improvements on private property that are required as part of land use.
• Ditch:  An excavation dug in the earth used to convey water.
• Drainage facilities:  The physical elements used to convey, absorb, or store runoff such as pipes or channels, and detention or retention ponds or bio-swales.
• Driveway ("entry", "entrance", or "access"):  A private road on private property that is maintained with private funds.
• Driveway, shared access:  A road which is on private property in an easement and which is maintained with private funds, generally considered to provide practical and legal access to multiple properties.
• Easement:  See ZDO.
• Engineer:  A Professional Engineer with Civil Engineering expertise holding a valid license from the State of Oregon.
• Engineering:  The County Department of Transportation and Development ("DTD") office of Engineering formed by the Board of Commissioners and administrating the DTD ordinances and related issues within unincorporated Clackamas County.
• Engineering Geologist:  A registered Professional Geologist holding a valid license from the State of Oregon.
• Entrance Permit (aka "Entry Permit", "Driveway Permit"):  See "Entry Permit" of County Code Section 7.03.020.
• Fixed object:  See County Code Section 7.03.020.
• Frontage improvements:  Required improvements along an applicant's property frontage.
• Functional classification:  The hierarchy of roadways in descending order of mobility, traffic volume and design speed, and ascending order of access:  Freeway/Expressway, Major Arterial, Minor Arterial, Collector, Connector, and Local.  Functional classifications of individual roadways can be found on Maps V-2a and V2-b of the Clackamas County Comprehensive Plan.  Descriptions of each functional classification can be found on Table V-2 and Table V-3 of the Comprehensive Plan. 
• Grade:  See ZDO.
• Grade break: The line where two surface planes with different grades meet.
• Intersection:  The point where a public roadway or private roadway intersects with a public roadway, private roadway or driveway.
• Intersection sight distance ("ISD"):  The distance that a motorist can see approaching traffic when entering or exiting a roadway at an intersection. 
• Landing:  A generally flat road or driveway approach to any public or private road.  Also, the generally flat area at the back of the sidewalk ramp, typically four feet wide for sidewalk ramps.
• Landscape screening: Plantings, shrubbery, bushes or other foliage intended to screen the base of a wireless telecommunication facility from public view.
• Land Surveyor:  A Professional Land Surveyor holding a valid license from the State of Oregon.
• Low impact development (LID):  An innovative ecosystem based approach to storm water management that results in fewer environmental impacts.
• Pedestrian access route: A prepared surface provided for pedestrian travel within the public right-of-way, including sidewalks and multiuse paths. 
• PROWAG: Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidance as set forth under Section 1190.1 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and adopted by federal agencies for implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Architectural Barriers Act.
• Public utility:  See ZDO.
• Public utility easement ("PUE"):  An easement for the use of a Public Utility.  The use of the PUE shall include telecommunications as per ORS 758.035.
• Ramp slope: The grade of a curb ramp parallel to the direction of pedestrian travel.
• Recoverable slope:  A slope on which the driver of an errant vehicle can regain control of the vehicle.  Slopes of 4H:1V or flatter in the foreslope and 3:1 in the backslope are considered recoverable.
• Right-of-way ("ROW"):  See ZDO.
• Right-of-Way Permit:  A permit issued to address minor work or activities in a right-of-way under the jurisdiction of Clackamas County.
• Road:  See ZDO.
• Road, county:  See ZDO.
• Road, private:  See ZDO.
• Road, public:  See ZDO.
• Roadway:  See ZDO.
• Road Official:  See County Road Official
• Running slope: The grade of a Pedestrian Access Route that is parallel to the direction of pedestrian travel. In reference to a curb ramp the term Ramp Slope is also used.
• Rural:  Those unincorporated County areas outside the current designated Urban Growth Boundary (UGB).
• Shoulder:  The paved or compacted graveled portion of the roadway outside the traveled portion of the roadway that is available for emergency parking or non-motorized use. 
• Sidewalk:  See ZDO.
• Stopping sight distance ("SSD"):  The minimum sight distance available on a roadway to enable a vehicle traveling at or near the design speed to stop before reaching a stationary object in its path. 
• Storm drainage system:  A means to control storm water through natural or constructed elements by conveyance, absorption, or storage.
• Street:  See ZDO.
• Temporary:  Lasting for a limited time.
• Traffic Engineer:  A Professional Engineer with traffic engineering expertise or a Professional Traffic Engineer holding a valid license from the State of Oregon.
• Traveled portion of the roadway:  See County Code Section 7.03.020.
• Trip generation:  The number of vehicle trips generated by a particular land use.
• Urban:  Those areas within the current designated Urban Growth Boundary ("UGB") as designated by Metro. 
• Utilities:  Any water, gas, sanitary or storm sewer, electrical, telephone, drainage way, wire, or television communication service and all persons, companies, districts or governmental agencies supplying the same.
• Utility Permit:  See County Code Section 7.03.020
• Very low volume:  A roadway with a 20 year projected volume of 400 ADT or less or an intersection with a 20 year projected entering volume of 400 ADT or less.

245.1 General

Roadside and clear zone standards strive to ensure that the roadside remains free of fixed objects and is sufficiently flat in the event that a vehicle runs off the roadway, enabling the vehicle to recover under ideal conditions. For additional information, refer to the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide.

245.2 Clear Zone Measurement

The clear zone width is measured from the edge of the travel lane of the roadway, the fog line or bike lane line.
 

245.3 Clear Zone Standards

Minimum clear zone widths are defined by Table 2-11 and are enforced by Section 7.03.090(C) of the County Code.

245.4 Clear Zone Requirements

1. Fixed objects located along the edge of the traveled portion of the roadway should be located outside the clear zone. 
2. Fixed objects are defined by AASHTO's Roadside Design Guide and the County Code.

245.4.1 Fixed Objects Allowed in Clear Zone

The following permanent objects are permitted within the clear zone under the following conditions:

1. Approved street trees.
2. Mailboxes erected per the Standards for Installing Mailboxes on County Roads.
3. Fences and walls approved by Engineering or meeting the requirements of Section 130.2.
4. Illumination poles.
5. Approved street furniture.
6. Objects permitted by the County Code.
7. Other objects approved or installed by the County.

245.4.2 Embankments and Ditches

New construction of foreslopes and backslopes should be based upon Standard Drawings C110 to C140.  Proposed slopes within the clear zone should be "recoverable."  Slopes that are "critical" per the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide should be avoided with new construction.

245.4.3 Vegetation

Vegetation should not be allowed over a height of 30 inches in locations where it would limit sight distance per Section 240.  Overhanging tree limbs should have a minimum vertical clearance of 10 feet within the clear zone.  Overhanging tree limbs should have at least 14 feet of vertical clearance above the pavement surface over the traveled portion of the roadway.  Measurement shall be taken from pavement surface. 

245.4.4 Above Ground Appurtenances

Above ground appurtenances constructed as component parts of any underground utility line should be located outside the clear zone as practicable.

245.5 Clear Zone Exceptions

If fixed objects cannot be moved from the clear zone and cannot meet the standards of the County Code, Sections 245.1 through 245.4.3 and Table 2-11, the County may allow the obstructions to remain with consideration given to delineating or protecting the objects.

The following governs the installation of small wireless facilities within right-of-way or easements under Clackamas County jurisdiction.  The installation of small wireless facilities requires a Utility Permit.  In some cases, the installation of small wireless facilities is further governed by the ZDO.  In those cases, land use approval is required before the application for a Utility Permit.  County Code Section 7.03 provides additional requirements. 

715.1 Application

An application for a small wireless facilities shall not be complete until the following elements have been provided to the County:

1. Land use approval, if required.
2. Utility Permit application which requires:
   1. Evidence of land use approval, if required.
   2. For location on existing traffic signal appurtenances or illumination poles, written authorization or agreement from the owner of those structures.
   3. Plans illustrating the proposed installation that is compliant with the standards of Section 715.  Plans for new structures shall include the right-of-way, public utility easements, location of edge of pavement, curbs, sidewalks, landscape strips, curb ramps, driveways, and other structures within the vicinity of the proposed installation.
   4. Provide dimensions of all above ground structures. 
   5. Structural engineering calculations for any modifications to County owned infrastructure.
   6. Photographs illustrating the existing site conditions that will be impacted.
   7. An RF certification report per Section 715.9.

715.2 Review and Approval Period

Small wireless facility installations shall comply with regulations and documentations/permissions as set forth by federal, state, and these Standards. The review period for applications will be a maximum of 60 days on existing structures and will be a maximum of 90 days on new structures following receipt of an application per Section 715.1 with one restart after the initial completeness review.

715.3 Location Requirement

Small wireless facilities shall not be located on County owned street illumination poles or on County owned signal infrastructure unless it can be established that the small facilities cannot be placed on other existing, replacement or new support structures. 

715.4 Other Siting Requirements

1. New small wireless support structures shall not be sited within 50 feet longitudinally of an existing or approved utility pole, illumination pole or small  wireless support structure.
2. Locations for new support structures shall be as near as possible to property lines to avoid interference with building faces, views and business signage.
3. NOC (Network Operation Center) and RF Signage should be placed on same side of cabinet and/or pole as disconnect switch.  If NOC contact information cannot be read from ground level without visual aid, it is required to mount an additional NOC sign eight feet above ground level.
4. Any placement shall not impede, obstruct, or hinder operation of any emergency service, maintenance operations, pedestrian or vehicular access or travel including to or from private properties and of legally parked vehicles or permitted items within a public right-of-way.
5. If proposed within the clear zone and a new small cell wireless facility is deemed a fixed object per Section 245, the new small wireless facilities shall be placed as far as possible from the edge of the roadway including within public utility easements unless there is an existing alignment of support structures and such placement would be technically infeasible.  In such cases, the small wireless facilities shall be placed within substantially the same alignment as the existing support structure(s). 
6. Small wireless facility installations shall comply with the sight distance standards of Section 240, the National Electric Safety Code ("NESC"), and PROWAG.
7. All electrical, fiber optic or other related infrastructure shall be located within conduits not owned by the County.
8. Any placement shall not impact any existing or planned bridges, retaining walls or guardrail.
9. The small wireless facility placement shall cause no physical, electrical, or radio interference with the operation of traffic signal appurtenances or emergency control devices.
10. When  a small wireless facility is installed on a County-owned traffic signal pole, the the facility may only be installed on a traffic signal pole without a luminaire.

715.5 Access Requirements

1. All small wireless facilities shall be installed and operated in compliance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations and guidelines, including placement of appropriate signage.
2. County and/or other qualified workers and contractors shall have the ability to easily shut off radio signals and power while working on the pole where a small wireless facility is installed or in the vicinity of a radio frequency (RF) emitting device. Each installer shall provide a small wireless facility shut-off switch and shut-off/turn-on instructions.

715.6 Aesthetics

1. To the extent technically feasible,  a small wireless telecommunication facility, including all related equipment and appurtenances, shall be a color that is similar to the support structure and use non-reflective materials.
2. The highest point of an antenna shall not exceed FCC standards and the height needed to meet safety requirements.
3. The size of above ground infrastructure shall be as small as technically feasible. 
4. If technically feasible, equipment shall be placed on or within the support structure or underground.
5. Lighting should be shrouded to the extent possible from nearby properties.

715.7 Abandonment and Removal

A small wireless facility that is not operated for a continuous period of 12 months, shall be considered abandoned and the owner of the facility shall be responsible for the removal of the facility, including its antenna(s) and equipment, within 60 days of receipt of written notice from the County notifying the owner of such facility abandonment.

715.8 Clackamas Regional Center Design Plan Area Requirements

Within the Clackamas Regional Center Design Plan Area, new support structures shall be black in color and galvanized to match other street lighting poles of the area.

715.9 Inspection

Comply with the requirements of Section 180.

715.10 Expiration

Comply with the Utility Permit requirements of Section 130.3.7.

715.11 Radio Frequency (RF) Certification Report

All new small wireless facilities proposed in County rights-of-way shall be accompanied by a Radio Frequency Certification Report, prepared by a qualified professional, which certifies that the small wireless facility will be installed and operated in compliance with FCC regulations and guidelines.  The report shall provide protocols for small wireless facility shut-off and turn-on.

Clackamas County regulates the placement and ongoing requirements of utilities that are located in the public right-of-way and easements under the jurisdiction of the County.  This chapter addresses the technical requirements associated with utility installation.

County Code Title 7.03.099 should be referenced for additional important information.  Additionally, some utilities have separate agreements with Clackamas County that may modify the requirements included herein. 

Applicants shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 4 regarding soil loss and erosion control measures.

710.1 Potholing Requirements

On arterial and collector roadway, work subject to a Development Permit shall pothole for existing utility locations to verify that the design has no conflicts with existing utilities.  The County may require potholing in other situations and on other roadways depending on the type of facility and scope of the work.  Any conflicts with existing utilities including storm or sanitary will be resolved prior to excavation for installation of the utility. 

Potholing requires a Utility Permit.

710.2 Location Requirements

1. New and relocated utility installations shall follow Standard Drawing U100 for placement.
2. The utility shall be placed as far as possible from the edge of the roadway including within public utility easements as feasible. 
3. Any placement shall not impede, obstruct, or hinder operation of any emergency service, maintenance operations, pedestrian or vehicular access or travel including to or from private properties and of legally parked vehicles or permitted items within a public right-of-way.
4. Above ground utility facilities shall follow the clear zone standards of Section 245 and pedestrian facility requirements of Section 710.3. 
5. Utilities shall be installed underground per the ZDO or as required by land use requirements.
6. Any manhole lids, junction boxes, vault lids, water meters, etc. that are located in vehicular travel lanes are to be out of any wheel tracks.

710.3 Pedestrian Considerations

When considering pedestrian facilities, utilities:

1. Shall not obstruct the pedestrian facility width. 
2. Any surface access to utilities (including manhole lids, junction boxes, vault lids, water meters, etc.) shall not be installed in a pedestrian facility unless no reasonable alternative exists.  If no reasonable alternative exists, the surface access shall be flush with the pedestrian facility grade.  The surface access located in a pedestrian facility shall be slip resistant and not have holes or depressions that can cause a tripping hazard per County Code Section 7.03. 
3. Surface access for new utilities shall not be constructed within any ADA ramps or landing. 
4. If existing utilities are located where an ADA facility needs to be constructed and the utility cannot be relocated, the surface access shall be made flush with the ADA ramp or landing and an ADA exception shall be formally requested and approved.

710.4 Structures

When attachment to a structure (i.e. a bridge or a box culvert) located in a public right-of-way is involved:

1. The applicant shall provide an engineering assessment of the existing structure to add the facility including a structural analysis that illustrates the ability of the structure to carry the weight of the facility and also considering:
   1. Dead load of the facility
   2. Supports to attach to the structure
   3. Attachment method
   4. Spacing of the supports
2. No utility shall be attached to a bridge or other structure crossing a body of water prior to County Planning and Zoning review for a possible Floodplain Development Permit and shall obtain the concurrence of County Transportation Maintenance.

710.5 Pressurized Pipes

When the proposed utility involves pressure pipe line, the applicant shall provide the:

1. Design pressure of pipe;
2. Normal operating pressure;
3. Maximum operating pressure.

710.6 Vertical Clearance

Any aerial utilities shall meet the requirements of the National Electric Safety Code for vertical clearance.

710.7 Burial Requirements

710.7.1 Depth

All underground installations shall be buried a minimum of thirty (30) inches below the nearest vertical roadway surface, (i.e., from the bottom of ditch line).  Minimum depth of bury may be decreased with Engineering approval based on topographical constraints or when matching existing utilities.  If placed less than 30 inches deep, utilities shall be placed below any cross culverts and should not be placed above cross culverts.  Additional requirements may be imposed on installations not meeting the minimum depth requirements including identifying tape.  Plans must show the distance from the nearest vertical roadway surface to the top of the proposed buried cable, pipe line, or facility.

710.7.2 Warning Signage & Ability to Locate

Warning signs for buried power or communications cable, and for pipe lines carrying gas or flammable liquids, shall be placed at each crossing under the roadway, and at intervals along longitudinal installations as required by the current Public Utility Commissioner's Order and as specified by the Road Official as follows:

1. Signs shall be placed as near the right-of-way line as is practical.
2. Notwithstanding 1) above, signs for an installation within the roadway shall be placed behind any existing guardrail.

Tracer wire or other locating device is required immediately above the facility enabling the ability to locate the facility within two feet of the facility per Oregon dig laws.

710.7.3 Pedestal Placement

Pedestals installed as part of a buried cable installation are to be located as far from the traveled portion of the roadway as is practical, and preferably one foot from the right-of-way line.  The locations shall not impact driveways or ADA ramps.

710.8 Requirements and Specifications for Trench Backfill

1. Backfill materials meeting the Oregon Standard Specifications for Construction (aka "standard trench backfill") shall be required for use when trenches exceed one of the following dimensions:
   1. 100 feet in length or longer; or
   2. Greater than 10 feet in depth.
2. Standard trench backfill may be used per Standard Drawing U200 except when the following conditions exist and then CDF shall be utilized per U250 through U275B:
   1. Utility trenches are within the roadway of arterial and collector classified roadways;
   2. The affected roadway surface is newer than 5 years from the time of the last overlay, without regard to roadway classification; or
   3. Engineering deems it necessary.
3. CDF shall conform to the following specifications:
   1. Be able to excavate and produce unconfined, compressive, 28-day strengths from 100 psi to a maximum of 200 psi.
   2. Contain aggregate no larger than 3/4 inch, and for trenches less than 12 inches in width, the aggregate shall be no larger than 3/8 inch.
   3. Slump shall be 6 to 8 inches to insure flowability and will fill all voids without requiring compaction efforts.
   4. The surface of fill shall reach a strength to withstand the process of paving without displacement or disruption within 48 hours, regardless of weather conditions, temperature or moisture content of the soil where placed.  Additives such as calcium (1% or 2%), hot water and/or a pozzilith (water reducer) are acceptable means to achieve this set.
   5. Copies of the CDF batch weights must be submitted to Engineering.
   6. Alternative backfill may utilized per Standard Drawings U270A and U270B.
4. Exemption from CDF may be considered if all of the following construction requirements are otherwise met:
   1. Backfill materials meeting Class "B" backfill specifications from the Oregon Standard Specifications for Construction or its approved equal are used;
   2. Not less than 95% relative maximum density (using AASHTO T-99) is achieved;
   3. Compaction results are provided by a certified testing lab;
   4. Perimeter excavation for manholes is 10'X10' or greater to allow for sufficient mechanical compaction of the backfill;
   5. The surety repair time duration is extended an additional two years beyond the three years as specified in Section 710.9.
5. Trenches shall be protected in the following manner:
   1. Sufficient weight and size steel plating or approved equal materials, capable of carrying a minimum of H-20 loading, shall be present at the work site prior to excavation and placed over the trench to protect the public.
   2. Plating shall be positively secured from movement and shall be ramped with anti-skid coated plate ramps.
   3. Plates must extend beyond the trench wall a minimum of one foot on all sides.
   4. Lighted barricades with appropriate signage shall be placed sufficiently ahead of, and adjacent to, plating to warn all traffic.
   5. All plating and signs are to remain in place until permanent surface repair paving operations are underway.
   6. Additionally as required by Section 290.
       

710.9 Open Cuts of Paved Roadway Surfaces

1. Unless there are extenuating circumstances that require open cutting the road to install utilities or special permission is granted by the Road Official to open cut the road, a cable, pipeline, or conduit, which crosses under the roadway, other roadway connections e.g. road approaches or driveways, shall be placed in a casing bored under the surface for that purpose in accordance with the following provisions:
   1. All utility companies serving the work site vicinity shall be contacted to request line locate services.
   2. Any utility conflicts shall be resolved before initiation of construction.
   3. The applicant will be required to comply with ORS 757.
2. Installations by plowing of cable or conduits within the UGB shall not be allowed.
3. Burial of cable outside the UGB placed by the plowing method shall be limited to areas behind the ditch line or as close the right-of-way line as practical when no ditch exists.  Approval of alternate means of installation is subject to time and schedule restraints to allow for preferable soil moisture conditions, pavement surface temperatures, and other roadway characteristics. 
   1. In all cases mechanical compaction efforts shall be applied to the entire disturbed portion of the right-of-way.
   2. Restoration of gravel shoulders and drainage ditches and the verification of the function of all drainage structures must be achieved prior to completion.
4. Open cut utility installations in paved streets shall restore those streets per Standard Drawings U275 through U290.
5. Open cut service laterals, when allowed, shall be grouped together per Standard Drawing U290.
6. In addition to the requirements of Standard Drawings U275 to U295, utility cut requirements may include, but not be limited to the following conditions:
   1. Repaving may include surface grinding, base and sub-base repairs, or other related work as needed to restore the road to the minimum standards and to reduce the number of seams or eliminate pavement seams in a wheel path.
   2. Pavement restoration beyond trench patching along roadways with sidewalk may require the installation or replacement of ADA curb ramps. 
   3. Disturbance to existing ADA facilities may require replacement of those facilities to current PROWAG standards. 
   4. Additional asphalt area removal and replacement may be required to ensure the smoothness of ride characteristics to meet the Oregon Standard Specifications for Construction Section 00744.70. 
   5. As required by these Roadway Standards and/or as determined by the Road Official the requirements may include up to full-width surface paving of the roadway depending on the limits of disturbance and the condition of the existing pavement; 
   6. Limitations on the operation to protect the roadway from temperature related damage, i.e. delamination of pavement surfaces and subgrade;
   7. If the County determines that the final repaving of the street is not appropriate at that particular time for reasons relating to weather or other short term concerns, the County may grant a delay until proper conditions allow for repaving.
   8. Apply restrictions as to the size and type of equipment during freeze/thaw conditions or for saturated subgrade with a poor or very poor PCI rating; it could also be due to the existing width of the road and traffic flow or other conditions that warrant limitations on equipment;
   9. Designation of routes upon which materials may be transported;
   10. Mitigation of potential subsurface hydrologic flow along the utility or appurtenant trench; e.g. bentonite check dams;

710.10 Concrete Street Surface Repairs

Concrete roadway surface repairs shall conform to the following specifications: 

1. The entire Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) panel must be removed between the nearest expansion joint.  If the trench excavation is within two feet of the nearest joint the abutting panel must be removed.
2. Placement of the bedding material and approved granular backfill must be placed and compacted to 95% compaction.
3. Replacement of the Portland Cement Concrete panel must equal the thickness and design strength of the concrete material removed, or be of a minimum 4,000 pound, 28 day strength design mix, whichever is stronger. The concrete must be placed in conformance with industry standards and protected against freezing.  The texture of the concrete surface must be like the adjoining surfaces.
4. Perpendicular PCC joints - 18" long, 1 ¼" smooth dowels with epoxy coating, embedded 9" into both the new PCC panel and the existing, abutting panel, spaced at 12" on center
5. Longitudinal PCC joints - 16" long, #4 rebar smooth dowels with epoxy coating, embedded 8" into abutting panels (new and existing), spaced at 18" on center
6. Longitudinal joint with curb and gutter - 8" long, #4 rebar smooth dowels with epoxy coating, embedded 4" into both the PCC gutter and panel, spaced at 18' on center.
7. Concrete roadway restoration beyond along roadways with sidewalk may require the installation or replacement of ADA curb ramps. 
8. Disturbance to existing ADA facilities may require replacement of those facilities to current PROWAG standards
9. The work area must be signed and protected to detour traffic away from the repair for seven (7) days following the placement of the concrete repair unless the use of a high early additive is requested and approved in the permit.

The following process is required in order to obtain Service District approval for street illumination for all development as required above:

615.1 Approval Process

1. The applicant shall contact the Service District and have the property owner sign a "Request for Street Lighting."
2. The applicant shall also contact PGE and provide PGE with a street illumination design.
3. The Service District, in turn, places an annual assessment determined by the district rate schedule on the property tax statement of the affected properties for the operation of the street illumination.
4. The tax lots in the development will be required to form an assessment area within Clackamas County Service District No. 5 for the purpose of paying for the operation and maintenance of street illumination.
5. After a formal hearing process, a special assessment is placed on the tax roll at the District rate determined by the classification of the property and the type of illumination installed.
6. Contact Engineering at 503-742-4400 with any questions or to initiate the street illumination process for a development.

615.2 Construction & Installation

1. In areas where new underground or overhead electricity supply circuitry is required, PGE will coordinate the street illumination circuitry design with the primary power supply.  However, the applicant cannot assume that this will happen automatically, a separate request for street illumination shall still be made.
2. Depending on the circumstances of the installation, the applicant may be required to provide and install at their expense and according to the design approved by the District and PGE:
   1. Pad-vaults for transformers or overhead transformers for street illumination,
   2. Splice boxes, and/or
   3. Circuitry conduit with pull line.
3. PGE will provide the transformers and circuitry for street illumination but will bill the applicant directly for any costs that may be incurred to install these; these charges may be offset to some extent by PGE line extension allowances.
4. PGE will provide and install the street illumination poles and luminaries at no charge to the applicant.

615.3 Rates

Rates are subject to change annually.  The first assessment is usually in November following the date of installation and the assessment is pro-rated to the date of installation.

Chapter 6 addresses the technical requirements associated with street illumination. 

Street illumination is typically installed as part of a Development Permit. 

610.1 Street Illumination Required Within UGB

Street illumination installation is required of all partitions, subdivisions, commercial, industrial, and multifamily residential development within the UGB in Clackamas County by the ZDO if adequate street lighting does not already exist.

610.2 Street Illumination Design by PGE

Street illumination design and installation is subject to the approval of Clackamas County Service District No. 5 ("Service District"), working through Engineering, and the utility serving the development, Portland General Electric ("PGE").

610.3 Street Illumination are Option A

Street illumination is owned, operated, and maintained by PGE, as Option A and the applicant is responsible for the design. PGE and the District are responsible for the design approval.

610.4 Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)

Street illumination is generally designed to IES guidelines for the road classification utilizing existing infrastructure (poles, transformers, and circuitry) where available.

610.5 Fixture Approval

The Service District has final approval for all street illumination fixtures for each development.

Chapter 5 establishes the technical requirements associated with structures.

Structures not under the review of Clackamas County Building Codes will be reviewed by Engineering.  All structures proposed in the public right-of-way including walls, bridges, box culverts and stairs are subject to a Development Permit. 

Structures under the review of Engineering shall meet the following requirements:

1. All structures described herein shall be designed by an Engineer.
2. Walls installed by the County are allowed within the public right-of-way.
3. As feasible, retaining walls should be located on private property. Easements shall be provided as necessary.
4. Stairs located in the public right-of-way shall meet IBC requirements. 
5. Other structures in the public right-of-way will be reviewed per AASHTO requirements or as otherwise determined by Engineering.